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Which of the following would be considered covert surveillance?

  1. Conducting surveillance from a place hidden from view

  2. Openly following someone in plain view

  3. Sitting outside a house on the street in plain view

  4. None of the above

The correct answer is: Conducting surveillance from a place hidden from view

Covert surveillance is characterized by the act of monitoring someone without their knowledge or awareness. Conducting surveillance from a place that is hidden from view is quintessentially covert because it allows the individual conducting the surveillance to gather information without alerting the subject being observed. This method is often used in various fields, including security and investigations, to ensure that the target does not change their behavior due to awareness of being watched. The other options describe surveillance methods that are overt—the subjects would be fully aware of being followed or monitored. Openly following someone or sitting outside a house in plain view makes the surveillance obvious to the subject, which defeats the purpose of covert surveillance. Hence, the only choice that fits the definition of covert surveillance is the first one.